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註1: 此份評估表為男性性健康調查量表 (The Sexual Health Inventory for Men, SHIM),乃源於國際勃起功能指標量表 (the abridged 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function, IIEF-5) ,評估表標題沿用”國際勃起功能指標量表”僅為方便評估辨識。
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• 改善勃起功能:臨床上常以國際勃起功能指數問卷(International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Questionnaire)評估勃起功能與治療效果。多項研究顯示,低能量體外震波治療能顯著提高國際勃起功能指數的分數,特別是對於血管性勃起功能障礙具有顯著改善效果;對於神經性或心理性勃起功能障礙效果較有限。
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摘要: Circumcision is one of the oldest surgical procedures in the world. Despite its history, the medical benefits and risks of circumcision remain controversial. Although neonatal circumcision reduces the development and recurrence rates of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children, routine circumcision is only recommended in children with high risk of UTI. Further large-scale studies are required to prove if topical steroid hormones are an alternative therapy to circumcision in the prevention of pediatric UTI. In men, it is well-established that circumcision can reduce the risks of transmitting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papilloma virus, type 2 herpes simplex virus, and syphilis. The World Health Organization and the United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS has recommended promotion of circumcision in areas with a high prevalence of heterosexually transmitted HIV. Since circumcision only partially prevents STD, opponents worry that risk compensation (not using a condom and increased sexual partners) may overwhelmingly reduce the protective effects of circumcision. Parents and patients need to weigh the benefits and risks of male circumcision to make well-informed decisions about this procedure.